Heating and power plant.



JQM. W. KITCHEN.

HEATING AND POWER PLANT.

APPLIGATION FILED DEC. 4, 1908.

1,009,320, Patented 'Nov. 2 1, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

- Inventor by 2 j Z I tty.

J. M. .W. KITCHEN.

HEATING AND POWER PLANT.

APVPLIGATION FILED DEC. 4, 1908.

Patented N0v.21, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I I I V I I I I I I I I I I IIIIV l I I I I l l I l I I I I TI l I 4inventor.

A tty J. M. W. KITCHEN.

HEATING AND POWER PLANT.

APPLICATION FILED 1230.4, 1908.

Patented Nov. 21, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J. M. KITCHEN. HEATING AND POWER PLANT.

APPLIGATIOH FILED DEG. 4,1908 1,009,320. 1

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Patented Nov. 21, 1911.

I Inventor:

A tty 1,oo9,32c.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

HEATING POWER PLANT.

- Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov. 21, 1911,

Application flIed'December 4, 1908. Serial No. 465,966.

To all whom it may conctm: 1 Be it known that I, J OSEPH Moses WARD IKITCHEN, a citizen of the United States, re-

'fuel; to prevent heat wastes; to decrease the dangers from explosion inpower generation; to secure utilitarian advantages in the management ofheating and power plants; and to secure functional efliciency throughthe coactive use of a number of structural improvements in combined fuelgas, electrical and heat generating lants.

In carrying out the vobjects of the invention I generate a low cost fuelgas in one or more internally fired gas generators from the cheapestgrades of fuels, utilizing both the suction method, and sometimes thepressure method of gas production, or using one or both methods at once.

Itfshould be understood that in making my claims for the presentinvention, and

when I refer to a gas generator or a producer gas generator, I do notconfine myself to a structure only capable of producing what isordinarily known as carbon mo-- noxid gas. There are conditions in whichit is desirable to generate and distribute a gas that is richer inheating qualities than such gas.- In such instances'I provide means formaking a gas of initial low cost, but having a large percentage of watergas or other heat forming constituents; but I differentiate the gas Iuse from gas generated in an externally fired retort. I burn some of thegas in an internal combustion engine designed "to secure a relativelyperfect combustion of the gas and thus secure motive force for motivework and heat for heating. I use the heat in the exhaust gases of theinternal combustion engine for the higher heating of preheated jacket orother water, producing hot water for heating purposes and generatingsteam under low pressure water with other low from the waste heat, andsometimes I superheat the steam, and turn the expansive force of thesteam generated into motive power. I unite through mechanical means, andappl in eflective motive work, the powerdeve oped in the internalcombustion engine and the power secured from the expansive force of thesteam, without loss of efliciency due to unfavorable rates of motion ineither of the two sources of motive force. I heatwater for heatingpurposes with the latent heat of .steam that has become expanded indeveloping motive ener y, and I also heat egree's' of heat de veloped inthe plant. I sec'ure indirectly through a vacuum exhaust, motive powerby condensing the exhaust steam of a steam motor, and then useregeneratively theheat absorbed in the condensing process 'toheat airfor respiration or for combustion. I provide for the use of,the heatgenerated during the period of blowing the gas producer that ispreliminary to the production of a combustible gas; and throughcomposite use of gas power and steam power, I provide for theutilization of the surplus gas generated and the excess of kineticenergy generated in the gas engine that is not utilized in work. Icreate fuel gas in the system at a very low cost, generate an electriccurrent, and distribute both the fuel gas and the electric current forpurposes of useful work, and also distribute more or less of the heatfor heating purposes, either in hot water,fin steam, or in warm vapor.\Vith the motive power developed in the plant, I produce and distributeelectric energy, and secure through mechanical ac tion the forcedcirculation and distribution of the fuel gas and hot water or other heatconveying means.

The drawings herewith submitted are largely diagrammatic in character,representing the application of the cited principles in a general way.

. In the rawings:

' invention, parts being." 1n elevation, and

parts in section." Fig. 2 represents the -mid-' dle art of the samesystem, it being shown in evation, and partly in section. Fig. 3represents in elevationthe' right hand part of the same system,including a dwelling served by distributed products from the r plant,some of the parts being shown in section. Fig. 4 represents. intransverse section a tunnel containing hot water, fuel gas,

and electric conduits. Fig. 5 represents'a vertical section of part of awater cooler and air heater. Fig. 6 represents a modification of' themeans used'in the invention.

'for unifying the two sources of kinetic energy into one harmonious andeconomi- .cally produced outflow of kinetic energy.

Fig. 7 represents another modified structure for uniting two sources ofkinetic energy.

The "gas generator G (see-Fig. 1)

and generates so-called producer gas varying in quality according to theuses to which the gas isto be applied. Draft through the generator isinduced by the gas exhauster and blower'Gr and the engine E, and thegasis forced .by the action of the fan 4 to the several-places in which itis used. Air for combustion heated :by the heat radiated from theseveral ordinary .structural feadrawn through the air duct A, gainingen-f trance thereto through the damper controlled air entrances A. Airis drawn into heat' is used in-f'heated air-for .combustioni f ge eratg: e

- spciallyjpert'ain t conservation f the,

*i na q furnace high heat needed to roduce 'sueli'hi'ghpres sure steamas woul the engine through, the duct A for combustion is; also heated byhot water be- A .totheZ ductj-A, Most ofthe radiated 'be usedlin the sstem. The featureshere n prominently in ica'ted waste heat of gasgenerati ou- "and burning that is of low'intensity as to temperature andwhich isusually entirely lost mpra'ctice.

the" nature of the gas reduced, may be modified by the introductionunder the grate F igurel represents the left hand part of a systemcomprising the is of a type, suited tothe nature of the fuel used,

passed through the devices- I and I? in (-li ig. 2),:a1id is conveyedthrough the duct The combustion in the gas generatofland Y the flywheelE may'be of any suitable of exhaust waste gases through the duct F if amonoxid gas is desired, and by the water vapor conveyed b the air, or inthe form of steam if a hy rogenated gas is desired.

the duct (3} into the gas cooler, Water heater,

and steam generator 0, passing downwardly .therethrough to the dustintercepter G.

Cold water is forced upwardly through the cooler C from the pipe C Asdesired more "or less of this water, which may be refrigerat'ed ifdesired, can be carried out of the cooler C by the pipe C and thence canbe conveyed to the water cooler and air heater I in case tar needs to becondensed from the gasby a large introduction of cold'water into'the gascooler, the tar falling into the tar receptacle C". The water isprogressively heated in its passage upwardly through thegas cooler bythe sensible heat of the gas. If the gas-is of high temperatime -more orless of the water is changedinto steam, which is then conveyed out ofthe top of the device by the steam pipe C to the turbine D.

The dust intercepter C? indicates a means for .securin a deposition ofthe dust that is in the gas y the downward momentum of .the dust and byspraying the dust with water forcedthrough the device by the elec tricrotary pump G which receives motive energy from the conduits G The'dustand water gravitates into the mud box G. An

.ordinaryvertical scrubber can take the place of this device. 'It will,be noted that tarry vapors are removed from the gas before then gas iswashed to remove dust and-sulfur vapors. i

The gas pump Gr actuated by the engine E, or other motion generatordraws gas from the gas generator G and forces it through the pipe Grinto the pressure accumulator gas tank G and to the engine E by thebranch pipe G This gas pump would be of any known type for exhaustingand forcing gas'and for maintaining automatically by means of theby-pass that is ';usually provided, a regulated forced pressure. The gasis forced from the compression tank Gr through the distributing .main 1Gtosuch points of distribution as is needed fin usin the gas, thedistributing system not being sown in the drawings for 'clearness. 'Inmost cases it is best'to have this gas pump motored by some deviceseparate and apart fromthe prime mover of the system.

The'internal combustion engine E, having type.- The jacket water for theengine k in the boiler through the pipe E Exhaust the steam above wouldbe taken from a level in the boiler F where the temperature of the waterwould be suitable. The heat of the'jacket water may be economized inconnection with a 5 water heating system, or in a low pressure pr1s1ngthe invention. The heat conveying medium used in the system may be steamunder pressure, or vapor induced in its flow by a vacuum; but wheneverpracticable I prefer to use hot water, as in this case it is possible toutilize substantially all the low degrees of heatgenerated in the plant.If the application of the invention is restricted to an ordinarybuilding, the use of the exhaust steam from the plant would ordinarilybe used in heating; but in the district heating of moderate areas thedistribution of hot Water under considerable pressure would be best' Inthe district heating of large 30 areas, the use of a distributed fuelgasflis best. The plant is so arranged that when heat for'heating is notneeded, most of the heat generated can be utilized in creatingmotiveforce. As fuel gas is distribute from the plant, which can beutilized in local habitat-ions in the heatingrof water for domestic use,it is obvious that no heat needs to be distributed in hot-water or steamin the .heating system during themilder seasons 'of the year. Theeconomizer boiler F is designed to highly heat water and produce steamunder moderate pressure. E is a pr ure relief gine H from the well Iinto a low level of the economizer boiler F, and thence. upward and out.through the water main F. Water from a selected level of this boiler ispassed through the pipe E into the jacket of the engine, and isreintroduced at a higher level gases are conveyed from the enginethrough t e conduitE into the boiler F at its'top,

under the gas .duit E contro ed by the valve -,.and the through .theconduitz F ,"controlled by the valve ;F.- The water being 'fbrcedthrough formed into'steam at the upper levels,.while the waterlevel F issuper:

ing system may be included in a plant comvalve. Water is pumped by theelectric en-' passing downward through the tubes F, and out through theexhaust pipe F part of-the gases when desired being conve ed nerator Gthrou h the 'conbalance being. forced into the atmosphere" heated by thehighest heat of the exhaust ases from the engine. The steam generated inthe boiler F maybe superheated by keeping the water level in the boilerat a sufficiently low level. If the gas used is very hot and containssulfur vapors, the heating surfaces of the boiler should be keptsubmerged in water. In such instances, the superheating would. be donein a separate superheater uSing fuel of more concentrated heating power.All th'eheat absorbed in this O1le1 many be conveyed and distributed inth re lated heating system, or the heat may. be turned into steam forpower generation.

The water level is preferably kept at the same height in all the watercontaining elements. The exhaust gases are passed through this boilerunder an unexpanded pres-. sure that is equal to the pressure of thegases in the engine cylinder at the end of its pressure stroke in orderto avoid loss of sensible heat due to expansion of the gas. In certaincases the jacket water is, cooled in a separate'cooling device, and thefeed water for the jacket is taken from'the separate cooling device. Byvarying the pressure of the exhaust gases as they passthrough the waterheater more or less of the kinetic energy of the. gas engine can betransferred to steam under pressure, and thus it is possible to conservethe surplus kinetic energy of the engine for use, for heating purposes;

The steam turbine D is of a size and character suitable-for utilizing,with efficiency the steam generated from the economizer boiler F, andalso from" the gas coolerC steamis formed in that device. The turbineworks with avacuum exhaust created in the condenser H during the periodswhen thepexhaust steam from the engine would not be. used inheating. Theturbine D actuates the shaft D, havin the pulley D"",

which belted differential y with the pul-, 'ley E that is actuated bythe shaft of the engine E.

Unifying the the motive power generated separately by the internalcombustion engine and by'the steam turbine, or-other steam motor ifused, to secure substantially complete efliciency of action in both theengine and the steam motored element. The, union of motive energiesseparately engendered is so effected as not to interfere with the rateof rotation in the shaftsyof engine and turbine -thatjis necessary tosecure the most efiicient'work in each ofthem. In this-particular case Isecure the efi'ect sought for through the use of belting andpulleys sodifi'erentiated as tosize as to. secure synchronously the'desired rateof -revolution-in each shaft. In

motive f01'0es.Particular note must be made of my methods of joining-Patent #883,809, and in application Serial No. 453,27 5, filed Sept.16,; 1908, I show dther methods of accomplishing the same result.

iao

utilitarian advantages can be secured, each method of power generatinghaving advantages other method. The rates of revolutionpf the shaft ofthe internal combustion engine E and of the shaft 1) areproperlyarranged for by differential pulleys E and D they beingjoined'by the belt B. In Fig. 6 a diagrammatic presentation is made ofhow the two forces of explosion and of steam expansion may be united toadvantage in some cases by means of differential bevel gearing. arepresents a steam economizer boiler in. which the jacket waterheat andexhaust gases exhausted under pressure from an internal combustionengine e are utilized to generate steam. The steam is used expansivelyin the turbine 25 while the rotation of the shafts s and s aremaintained severally at efficient rates of speed by means of the"differential gearing b, the two forces being applied unitedly-inrotating an electric generator g.-

In Fig; 7 there isindicated another method of unifying the two forcesinto one outflow of energy in rotating the electric generator 9 Thewaste heat from the internal combustion engine 6 is turned into steam inthe economizer boiler a from which boiler the steam is conveyed throughthe turbine t In this turbine t the energy 'of the engine a is added tothe energy of the steam generated in the boiler a and the steamvelocitywhich is accelerated by the action of the turbine at? is thenconveyed into a prime mover turbine t of suitable size and constructionto secure the best rate of revolution of the electric generator 9 Theelectric generator D connected with the shaft D", is of a size andnature to develop the greatest amount of electric energy from the forcegenerated; in the turbine D and the engine E. The electric energygenerated by this generator D is directed through the conduits 1) intoand accumulatedin the accumulating battery D from which electric energyis -conveyed through the conductor wires D and I) for various kinds ofwork to several parts of the'p'lant, as for example to the electric pumpH and is also distributed to various other places where it is applied inwork,- including the dwelling M (see Fig. 3). Tw'o other sources ofelectric energy are utilized in the plant. One is generated by thegenerator I actuated by the water motor I, which gets its force throughthe city water mainI. The motor 1* operates when the automatic valve Iopens, which occurs. .when the water needed in the systemis not kept upto a certain level in the well P. The water returning from the heatdistributing system which make good the defects in the.

to the well I through the return mainI' is filtered in passing throughthe filter H before it is again forced mto the system through the pipingH by the electric pump H While some of the individual savings thuseiiected are small in degree, their aggregate is of importance.

The water heater and condenser H receives the exhaust steam from theturbine D' if the steam is not utilized directly in heating. The steamin expanding is conveyed downwardly through the tubes H while the moreor less cooled water in the well I is forced by the pump H upwardlythrough the water spaces H The steam is condensed by the cold water inthe upward travel of the water, producing a vacuum ex: haust for theturbine D. The water as it is heated in the condenser, is also forcedinto the flow water main F. The water of condensation gravitatingdownwardly into the ivell I passes through the water motor H, whichoperates the electric generator H, and the energy thus generated is alsodirectedinto the accumulatorD When the heat of the condensing waterisnot wanted in the heating system, the warm water is run through thewater cooler-I transferring theheat in the water to air for combustion.When power generation only is evolved in the plantthe heat of both thewaterof condensationta'nd of the condensing water is ,radiated to airfor combustion.

ferring heat generated and absorbed into water in the system to air forcombustion at such times as the heat is not needed for heatingpurposes.Under such conditoins, as in the summer time, water from the economizerboiler F,'or directly from the engine jacket and from the condenser H,is by-passed through the conduit F into the top K of the device I, andpercolates outside or inside the tubes K (see Fig. 5) downwardly, air ofcombustion being drawn upwardly through the air spaces K and air tubes Kfrom which it is drawn through the conduit A (see Fig. 2) .by the actionof the fan A Inv the device I air for combustion is given a primaryheating in passing through the de- The water which descends from bothdevices falls into the well I By means of these devices a veryconsiderable degree of heatthat is usually lost incondensmg, and

in other ways,'can be conserved by transfer-1 ring the waste heat to airfor combustion.

If dry air is desired'under thegas producer or in an auxiliary .heatgenerating furnace, water is allowed to flow inside of the tubes Kinstead of outside of them. The applied principle of thevertical-counter-current heat interchange can also be applied in various'forms of cooling towers, by simply conserving the heat 0t cooling thatis generally allowed to escape. Under some conditions under which theutmost development of motive power is desired, it is best to re diatethe heat of the jacket water to air for respiration or combustion in adevice separateand apart from the device that utilizes the waste heat ofthe exhaust gases, as there is a certain definite temperature for theexhaust jacket water at which. the gas engine works most efiiciently. Inthose cases it isbest to keep the jacket-feed water under a separatecontrol.

Thefhot water pressure tan7c.'The pneumatic pressure hot water tank J isfor the purpose of storing and securing an equalized pressure of the hotwater which is sent out from the plant and distributed in variousplaces. A certain famount of air is pumped into the tank by the airpump-J for. equalizing the pressure in the tank. The pressure indicatorJ may be used to indicate electrically the ,pressure in the tank. Theamount of air pumped into the storage tank J is suflicient to maintainan adequate internal pressure and to secure a uniform rate ofdistribution of the hot water, excess of air, displacing stored hotwater, being relieved through the pressure air valve J The water gage Jshows the water level in the tank'J, and the thermometers J 3 andIindicate the temperatures of the water whichleaves the plant through theflow main J and which returns to the plant through the return main I V Ion the return main I" indicates a back pressure re ulator ofthe safetyvalve type for prevent ng too rapid a return from the j waterdistributing and radiating systems supplied from the plant. H The tunnelL (see Fig.4) is made-of hy-- draulic cement concrete, with a coveringthat is removable, and contains the water and gas distributing pipesand-electric conduits L L and L". In practice, suitable insulatingmaterial would surround these, pipes: and conduits. g The pressurereducing valve O, connected with the branch main M ,is of ordinary type,automatically adjusting the pressure of the* water flow mains to aproper pressure .in the radiatin system and hot water conduits of thebuil ing in which the hot water is delivered. The heat and water metenOis thermoelectrically controlled, and calibratedto in; dicate the.number of British thermal units, as well as the quantity of waterpassing through the :meter. Y 4 I The electrical current conveyedthrough the conduit D .is introduced into the build ingM and utilized invarious'ways, as for I o v r P connection is made wlth a pump for.

cooling the mechanically actuated refrigdue loss of heat, the electriccurrent would :be. transmitted through the longer distances, and thenutilized for heating water, and other work. In. such plants, fuel'gas ofI suitable composition can be distributed with advantage to great aswell as to short distances, and used for cooking, mantle lighting, inlocal heating systems, etc. i In closely built up c1ties, plants -ofthis kind would ,ysually belocated on the outskirts of the citywhere'land is cheap, and these various products-of the plant would bedistributed to such distances as would be most economicallyadvantageous.

In the' house M, Q represents an air heater and. water cooler. Thewater, after passing through the heating system and through the airheater and water cooler,

passes out through the return branch N,

while air for respiration passes upwardly through the; air heater andthe conductors X i into the house, being progressively heated inpassingthrough the air; heater. The water cooled in heating air is enabled topick up lo-we'r degrees of heat from the boiler of 'the central wisebe'the, case. 7 v I.

-S- represents an electric heater in whlch' the water used for heatingand domestic use in the dwelling can be heated. In plants of thischaracter, a great deal of the economy effected is due to thecooperative exercise of the several services developed in the plant.

plant than would other- In the drawings, the various details, such aswould indicate an introduction of fuel gasin the house, mechanical means.for ventilation and ositiveair circulat1on,- have along with ot erfeatures been omitted for clearness. I a

It will be understood that in a system of this nature for producingprimarily a gas ofrelati vely low heating value, and where such gas isdistributed for heating, cooking and lighting, the gas would usually been-. riched-to a certain degree by increasing its hydrogen content or bythe introduction of some coal richer.-

Inthis plantjhe force of the supplementary water brought'into the plantthrough a city supply main would be utilized 1n one of example:revolving the shaft P, actuated by the electric motor P From the pulley]numerous ways, as for example: connecting the main directly with thepump that gas, or otherca'rbureting 'en.-

- ing motive pumps the water into the system; or by connecting the mainwithany of the various elements of the system into which cool water isintroduced, such as in the gas cooler C, B or the engine E.

Inasmuch as in internally fired gas gen 'erators'a' certaincontinuous,rate of gas production must be maintainedv to produce goodquality of gas I provide a gas accumulating 1o provision Itor storingsuch excess of gas as s not immediately consumed by the SllOtlOIl gasengine. Y o

As a rule the. steam generated in the economizer boiler would not be ofa pressure higher than the pressure in the water,

main introducing new water into the system. Inasmuch as a large amountof hotwater would be drawn from'the system to be used for domesticpurposes, an equal no amount of new water would be introduced .into"theplant, and instead of. losing the pressure force of the waterintroduced, such force is utilized economically in one or another way,as intlie example cited.

Subject matter is disclosed in the present application that is notherein claimed; but which isclaimed more or less in each of thefollowing named co-pending applications: Serial No. 415983 filed Feb.14, 1908; Serial No. 453275 filed Sept. 16, 1908; Serial No,

460267 filed Oct. 30, 19 8 Serial No. 482127 filed March 8, 1909; Sei'al No. 487694- filed April 3, 1909; Serial No. 504132 filed June 24,1909; Serial No. 504778 filed- June 28,

What I claim as new is: 1. The combination of (1) a producer gas 1generator, (2) a water jacketed internal com- I bustion engine forburning the gas generated 4. and creating motive power and heat, (3) anF economizer steam boiler for) utilizing the heated jacket water andtheheat of the exhaust gases ofssaid engine steam under pressure, (4) mns for creatower om the steam generated and ,for 'un1ting the motivepowercreated from the explosive force of said internal combustion enginewith the'motive power created from the expansive force of the 60 steamgenerated, (5) means for heating wa-' ter for heating purposes with thewaste heat of said engine not used in generating steam, and from thelatentheat of exhaust steam from said means for generating motive powerfrom steam, and (6); means com ris- .,mg a heating system fordistributing eat from the sources of waste sensible heat generated inthe elements of said plant, said" absorbed and distributed heatcomprising heatof radiation, and the heat of burned gases r r.

2'. The combinationin a heat and power plant of .(1) ,a gas generator,(2) a gas -pump,'for pumpmg'the gas generated into a storagetank and toplaces for the" use. of

r generating said gas, (3) said storage tank for storing said gas, (4)an internal combustmn engine for burning the gas generated, (5) anec0no-' mizer boiler for heating water and producing steam from the heatgenerated in said plant, (6) a steam motor for utilizin the steamgenerated in said combination, 7) av water heater and condenser forutilizing. the latent heat of the steam used in said steam motor, '(8)means for uniting in work the motive power created by said engi and saidsteam motor, (9) means for distr buting a heat conveying fluid heated byheat generated *in the hint and radiatin the heat from said fluid (10)means for orcing the fluid through the radiating 'portion of" saidplant, (11) means for distributing and burntor, (2) an internalcombustion engine for burning the gas generated, (3) a heat absorbing,distributing and radiating system mg the stored gas in said plant andelsefor economizing sensible heat generated in I said "combination, "(4)means for generating an electric current from the motive power of saidinternal combustion engine, (5) means for-generatm an electrlc'currentfrom the waste heat 0 said internal combustion ent gine, and 6) meansfor unifying, conveying and applymg in generated. I a 4. The combinationof (1) means for generating a combustible gas, (2) means foraccumulating and storing said gas, (3) means for distributing some ofsaid gas and burnin ,it under atmospheric 'ressure, (4:)

work, the, electric energy means orburnin-g some of sai gas in com-.

pressed air and generating motive power and heat, (5) means forgenerating steam from'theheat wastes of said fourth named -powenfrom thesteam generated in said fifth named means, (7) means for heating a heatabsorbing fluid from the latent heat of steam expanded in said sixthnamed means,

8) means for generating an electric current rom the motive powergenerated, storing and distributing. said current and applying saidcurrent to work, and (9) means for distributing and radiating thegenerated heat in said "heat absorbing fluid and for returning saidfluid for re-use and re-distribution.

'5.-The combination with a habitable structpre of (1) a gas generator,(2) an internal combustion engine for burning the gas generated in saidengine ,(3) means for heating /water and generating steam. of. desiredpresa motor for generating motive power from the steam of desiredpressure, (5) ,acondenser for creatinga vacuum exhaust for sa1d motor,and (6) means comprising a heating system for utilizing the sensibleheat generated in the burning of the gas and passing through said motorand through said 0011-- denser.

. 6. The combination of (1) means for generating gas, (2) means forburning said gas,

3) means comprising a heating'system for heating a fluid with'heat fromthe burning of said gas and for distributing the heat'of said burning,and .(4) means for transferring the heat insaid fluid to air forcombustion and further means for using the air heatedfor. pur oses ofcombustion, said means fortrans erring the heat in the fluid to air forcombustion comprising provision for the downward .flow of the fluidthrough said' means and forthe upward travel of air through saidmeans incontact with said water, said means com rising rods or tubes over thesurfaces of which water flows in its downward progress, sa1d airahsorb1ngprogressively the heat from the descending water on thesurfaces of the tubes orrods in the travel of said air upwardly.

7. The combination of (1) a gasgenerator, an internal combustion enginehaving 'a revoluble shaft actuated thereby, (3) means including a steammotor having a revoluble shaft for roducin'g steam from the heat wastesof said internal combustion engine and for utilizing the expansivepressure of-said steam, (4) means comprislng a heating system forutilizing the lower degrees of sensible heat evolved in said combinationbut not transformed into motive power 1n sa1d combination, and (5) meansfor uniting the motive power generated by said internal combustionengine and said steam motor forsecurmg motlve power from the two sourcesofenergy with substantially L no loss of eflicienoy due to unfavorablerates of rotation in the said revoluble shafts.

8. The combination of .(1) an ,internal combustion engine and means forsupplying fuel to said engine, (2 a steam motor actuated by steam formethrough the agency of the waste heat of said internal combustion engine,(3) means including a heating system for heating habitable spaces withthe sensible heat evolved by said engine and said motor, and (4) meansfor s chronizin the rates of revolution of the s afts of sai 'engine andsaid motor. so as to avoid loss of efliciency in. either engine ormotor. r

9. The combination with a habitable struc ture including a-heatingsystem, of (1.) means for generating a combustible gas, (2) means forcooling the gas generated, con- .densing tar forming steam and utilizingthe formed steam for motive purposes, (3) means for cleaning the gasfrom tar and (5) means forheating water and forming steam under pressurefrom the burning of the gas, (6) means for generating motive power fromsaid steam, (57) means-for uniting the two outflows of motive power andfor producing electric'energy therefrom and for storing and accumulatingthe two sources of power and for directing and applying in work thegenerated electric energy in places where said electric energy may beusefully applled in'work, such application being exemplifiedflby theheating of water in a hot water system, in an electric heater, by theprocess of mechanical refrigeration, and by electric lighting.

y 10. The combination with a habitable ing water, forming steam andproducingmotive power from the sensibleheat of the ,gas' burned in theinternal combustion en gine, and (4) means including a heating systemfor converting the generated motive power into electric energy and forreconver'ting said electric energy into heat or motive force and forutilizing the heat generated by conveying and distributing said heatthrough said heating system and for utiliz ing the motive for e inactuating domestic utilities such as me hanical refrigeration.

11. The combination of ,(1) means for motive power from said s, (3)means for generating steam from t e heatwastes of the said lastnamed'means and for producing motive power from said steam, and .(4)means for utilizing for heating purposes the 12. The combination of (l)a gas generator, (2) an internal combustion engine for burning the gasgenerated, (3) a steam motor actuated by (4) means for transferring towaterlow degrees of heatgen'erated by sa1d elements, (5) means forapplying in heating the heat transferred, and (6) means for transferringto air for combustion lower degrees of heat generated than the heattransferred to said water.

tor, (2) an internal combustion engme for burning the gas, (3) aneconomlzer boiler for making steam from the high tempera-v ture wasteheat of the internal combustion engine, (4) a steam motor. for utilizingthe steam, a heating system for ut lizing the 13. The'combination of-(1) a gas generadust and distributing the gas. for 'useful work, (4:)means for burning said gas in compressed alr'and producing motlve power,

structure, of (1) meansforgeneratin gas,.- (2)1 11internal-combustionenglne for urnw ing-the gas generated, (3). meansforheatgenerating gas, (2):, means for generating exhaust steam from thethird named means.

steam formed from heat wastes of the lnternal combustion engine,

heat of the exhaust steam from sa1d steam -8 V I V I 1,ooo,s2o'

. n v A v motor,. (6) meansfor conveying to air for generator formodifying combustion in said -combust1on the low degrees of heat Wastesgenerator.

from saidinternal combustion engine, said last named means comprisingprovision for JOSEPH MOSES WARD KIT-GEEK conveying .to air watermoisture containing Witnesses: I

said heat, and (7) means for conveying the ELIZABETH- B. KING,

airthus moistened and heated to said gas GEO. L. WHEELOCK.

